How to Explain Phenotype Differences in Identical Twins

A boy has XY chromosomes and a girl has XX chromosomes. Younger twins have more similar DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns than older twins-Monozygotic twins share identical DNA sequences yet twins develop differences in certain physical or behavioral traits throughout their lifetimes.

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For example one twin may develop a certain form of cancer that the other twin may never develop.

. 1if identical twins have the same genes then how come identitcal twins still exhibit phenotype differences. 9 here at the American Society of Human Genetics meeting may partly. But they could have different phenotypes.

Out of 381 pairs of identical twins involved in the new study 39 had more than 100 differences in their DNA. They would have the same genotypes such as hair color and predisposition to heart disease. In contrast fraternal or dizygotic twins result from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy.

One would expect identical twins to develop and express genes at the same levels but in fact this changes over time Plass said. Parents of identical twins know differently however. As twins grow and develop their DNA hardware stays the same but through different life experiences twins can develop a different epigenome software that controls the the DNA hardware.

The degree of phenotypic difference may vary. DNA differences or mutations can happen any time a cell divides. However this is only an example of how nature can influence behaviour that is partly genetically determined such as behaviours linked with personality predisposition to be more aggressive due to candidate genes.

Even though identical twins supposedly share all of their DNA they acquire hundreds of genetic changes early in development that could set them on different paths according to new research. A study by Mario Fraga and his colleagues looked at 80 pairs of monozygotic twins. Identical twins are always of the same sex whereas fraternal twins can be of the same sex or a mix of male and female twins.

Based on what you have read and learned in Module 2 explain why identical twins are not always identical in their phenotype despite being identical in their genotype. Phenotypic expression is a function of the genotype of the individual its environment and and interaction of genotype and environment P G E GE. Fraternal twins can be of the same or different sexes.

B Identical genes means that they will develop identically in an identical environment. Despite their shared genetic. O The environmental exposures lead to differences in their epigenome and therefore differences in gene expression.

O The differences in reparative complexes lead to differences in their genome and therefore differences in. The original fertilized egg divides one or more times before the resulting clump of cells splits into two. This is why individuals with similar genotypes such as identical twins when raised on different environments have a great tendency to differ in their appearance behavior of other.

Identical twins have perfect resemblance to each other. Studying genetic differences in twins may give Plass and his colleagues insight into how methylation is regulated. Identical twins share all of their genes and are always of the same sex.

They share half of their genes just like any other siblings. They look alike they dress in matching outfits they share the same likes and dislikes. Identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that has split into two.

We may be identical twins but we are very different in many ways Such a divergence might seem odd. Epigenetic mechanisms may explain paradoxical findings in twin and inbred animal studies when phenotypic differences occur in the absence of observable environmental differences and also when environmental differences do not significantly increase the degree of phenotypic variation. SAN FRANCISCO Identical twins may not be so identical after all.

Identical twins are born with an identical set of genes. Each clump of cells goes on to become one of the identical twins. The findings presented Friday Nov.

After all as identical twins the pair have exactly the same genes. Epigenetic mechanisms may explain paradoxical findings in twin and inbred animal studies when phenotypic differences occur in the absence of observable environmental differences and also when environmental differences do not significantly increase the degree of phenotypic variation. Identical twins are similar in their chromosomal make up whereas the fraternal twins differ in their chromosomal make up.

They are clones of each other. If twins are a boy and a girl clearly they are fraternal twins as they do not have the same DNA. Part A How can you explain this.

Identical twins are genetically identical but they still are different in certain regards. Like one have a mole and the othe not having oneis it because of alles. As identical monozygotic twins share 100 of the same genetic material we can say that their genotype is identical.

The researchers studied 19 pairs of monozygotic or identical twins and found differences in copy number variation in DNA. These small differences in software can lead to identicals having differences in appearance behavior and medical histories. Identical or monozygotic twins may or may not share the same amniotic sac depending on how early the single fertilized egg divides into 2.

If these twins were separated at birth and were. For example their fingerprints would be different. Image by Lorilee Alanna via Pixabay.

Such phenotypic differences touch on a variety of traits from physical attributes such as facial features to complex behaviors and even diseases Wong Gottesman. In this process of becoming a brand new baby with trillions of cells the cells in each clump divide over and over again. Human monozygotic twins and other genetically identical organisms are almost always strikingly similar in appearance yet they are often discordant for.

The stereotype of identical twins is that they are exactly the same. Monozygotic or identical twins sometimes display phenotypic differences which can be attributed to intrauterine environmental factors. Identical twins each carry the same genome but over time can develop different phenotypes.

Copy number variation CNV occurs when a set of coding letters in DNA. However fraternal twins do not resemble each other. Originally posted by Evil.

Identical twins are another example of genotype vs phenotype.

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